" So the – the part of the problem is not just the rhetoric. It’s the fact that we – we’re so polarized in what we’ve done to each other as parties over the last thirty years in redistricting that it’s very, very hard to overcome your own constituencies and move to the middle. "
- Howard Dean

Howard Dean's statement highlights a significant issue within American politics: the deep polarization between political parties due to aggressive redistricting tactics over several decades. He argues that this division isn't just about the divisive language used by politicians but also about the concrete actions taken to create electoral districts that favor one party over another, leading to an extreme ideological gap.

At a deeper level, Dean suggests that the problem extends beyond simple partisan conflict; it involves structural elements of our political system that encourage and even necessitate extreme behavior from elected officials. This polarization makes it incredibly difficult for politicians to adopt centrist positions or work across party lines because they are often beholden to the interests of their most dedicated supporters within these heavily gerrymandered districts. As a result, there is little incentive for either side to compromise, and any politician who attempts to do so risks losing support from their base.

Howard Dean served as the Governor of Vermont from 1991 to 2003 and was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2005 to 2009. Known for his advocacy on healthcare reform, campaign finance reform, and opposition to the Iraq War, he brings a wealth of experience in understanding the intricacies of American politics and its challenges.