" China is a civilization pretending to be a nation. "
- Michael Ledeen

In a straightforward sense, this statement suggests that China's current national identity and political structure are layers on top of an ancient and enduring civilization. It implies that while other nations might emerge or disappear over time through various historical events, China continues to exist as a coherent cultural entity despite changes in its governance and territorial boundaries.

On a deeper level, the quote reflects broader perceptions about Chinese history and culture, particularly regarding how modern China views itself compared to Western concepts of nationhood. It hints at the idea that China's sense of identity is rooted much more deeply than just current political ideologies or recent historical events; it encompasses a continuity of cultural traditions, philosophies, and societal norms that have persisted for millennia. This perspective underscores the unique nature of Chinese civilization, distinguishing it from many other nations whose identities are often shaped more by relatively modern developments.

Michael Ledeen is an American writer, historian, and political commentator known for his contributions to neoconservative thought in U.S. foreign policy discussions. His work frequently addresses issues related to democracy promotion, national security, and international relations, making him a prominent voice on matters concerning global politics and the role of different nations in world affairs.